Asia Times: East Timor claims its political prize


	August 21, 2001	atimes.com

Southeast Asia

East Timor claims its political prize
By Jill Jolliffe

DILI, East Timor - Two years ago the tiny half-island territory of East Timor was convulsed with militia violence in the lead-up to a referendum. Now its people are preparing to vote again, this time for its first free parliament in history, and the sense of expectation is enormous.

But whereas in August 1999 the former Portuguese colony was still under Indonesian military occupation, today armed United Nations forces are on hand to ensure security.

Apocalyptic predictions are rife. Dead guerrilla heroes will emerge from the jungle, it is said, to point the way to the new generation of leaders. Such stories are usually accompanied by tales of uprisings to expel foreigners from East Timorese soil - the UN and its army of foreign staff may have paved the way for independence, but they are not universally popular.

Eli Foho Rai Boot, an ex-guerrilla and shaman known as Eli-7, recently called on his followers to assemble in the second city of Baucau to await the return of Vicente Sahe, a charismatic guerrilla leader killed in 1978. Thousands loyal to his "Sacred Family" cult streamed into the city stadium from outlying regions to wait in vain during an entire day.

The prediction may have been wrong, but the sense of rebirth is all around. For the Fretilin party, the easy forerunner among 16 competing parties, voting day on August 30 looks like being a moment of sweet historical vindication for years of suffering.

The election is for an 88-seat Constituent Assembly entrusted with drafting the constitution. Thirteen seats will be contested by district, the rest on a national party basis.

Fretilin has swept the countryside with well-organized rallies attracting tens of thousands, and UN analysts privately predict it will win around 45 seats, or 51 percent of the vote. If its roller-coaster campaign success does translate into votes, it wants to declare early independence on November 28, a proposal which may cause shock-waves in the region.

Party leader Mari Alkatiri confirmed this intention to Portugal's Lusa news agency last week, saying "80 to 85 percent of the vote is already guaranteed". Fretilin's determination to win is spurred by the need to show the world that its 1975 claim to have majority popular support was justified. Its supporters believe that if the international community in general, and the Australian government in particular, had adopted a different policy at that time by supporting Portugal's decolonization bid and standing up to Indonesia, they may have won government then.

Instead, Indonesian paratroopers seized Dili on December 7, 1975 as the world looked on. Fretilin cadres took to the mountains to begin a long, bitter, military struggle which was to continue until 1999.

They were East Timor's best and brightest. Today, the survivors of their generation are the 50-year-olds who have done the groundwork for the Fretilin campaign. Their own youth is spent, but if Fretilin wins the UN-supervised poll, the victory will be for their children.

Among Fretilin's younger candidates is Jose Lobato Goncalves, 29, the son of founding guerrilla commander Nicolau Lobato, who took to the mountains in the first hours of the Indonesian landing. His wife Isabel was caught in Dili and publicly executed on the wharf. She had been nursing 2-year-old Jose before the troops dragged her away, but managed to thrust him into her sister's arms at the last moment. For his own protection, he was raised by his aunt and uncle in an Indonesian cultural environment, his identity carefully hidden until recently.

The young Lobato stops briefly to greet me outside the Hotel Turismo, on the Dili foreshore, before rushing off to another Fretilin rally. "It's great! We're really campaigning hard!" he yells, bubbling with excitement. It's an eery sensation, because I last saw him in Timor on almost exactly this same spot in the days before the Indonesian invasion. He was a toddler holding the hand of his handsome parents, oblivious of the cataclysm about to descend.

Today he is a replica of his father in looks and intelligence and has an obvious future as a national leader. He is just one of hundreds of thousands of Timorese for whom life is resuming after 26 years: It is indeed a rebirth.

Whether or not Fretilin will win its expected landslide, it appears there will be a large percentage gap between it and the next most-voted party. Because 16 parties are competing, the vote of the 409,019 electors will be divided various ways, a problem aggravated by the fact that most parties were only formed after 1999. There is no one opposition party that can match Fretilin.

The serious contenders in the second rank are the Social Democrat Party (PSD in the Portuguese acronym) led by former governor Mario Carrascalao, the Democratic Party (PD), headed by student leader Fernando Araujo, the radical Timorese Socialist Party (PST) led by Avelino Coelho da Silva, and the nationalist Timorese Democratic Union (UDT) led by Joao Carrascalao.

The Timorese Social Democratic Party (ASDT), formed by Fretilin founder Francisco Xavier do Amaral last March, may also make its mark, with support from traditional leaders in the central Ainaro region.

The UDT is the only other party with a long track record, having been Fretilin's main rival in 1975, but the PSD was formed from a split in its ranks, taking much of its old constituency.

The election is not expected to be all plain sailing. The UN is taking seriously the possibility of disruption by political groups thought to be linked to Jakarta, operating mainly in the zone between Baucau and Viqueque. "Our assessment is that it is low risk, but substantial enough to take precautions, so we will be beefing up security," an official stated.

Other political parties are also disgruntled by the UN's automatic assumption of Fretilin victory. "I think they are a bit biased," asserts Carlos Sequeira, a Dili-based UDT candidate. "It's still early yet and other parties may close the gap before the poll. Fretilin had money to organize those country campaigns, which many other parties didn't have."

His counterpart in Baucau, Agostinho Cabral, agrees with this. "People shouldn't forget this is a traditional UDT area," he said, "and not all parties are fielding candidates ... so we have a better chance. It may not be as clear-cut as people think."

But the Social Democrats are running in Baucau, so could counterbalance any gains UDT might make. There are signs it is also siphoning off Fretilin votes. Some former Fretilin supporters are dissatisfied with its recent re-organization of the central committee in which long-time loyalists were overlooked in favor of people considered as former Indonesian collaborators. They say they will vote for the PSD instead, whose leader Mario Carrascalao gained credibility in his time as governor by standing up for Timorese rights against the Indonesian military.

There are many variables which could still come into play. One is the Megawati factor. Although newly-appointed Indonesian president Megawati Sukarnoputri paid lip-service to East Timorese self-determination last week, her real policy and practice on the issue is not yet known. The potential for last-minute destabilization is not to be ignored, whether through a range of political groups said to be controlled by Jakarta, or an upsurge of military activity at the border.

The overwhelming will of the Timorese is to claim their precious prize of political freedom after centuries without it, first under Portugal, then under Indonesia. Having braved outright military terror to vote in the 1999 referendum, their collective determination is most likely to reduce attempts at provocation to pest value.

Jill Jolliffe is an Australian journalist who began her career reporting the Indonesian invasion of East Timor, and is the author of two books on the subject. Her next, Cover-Up: The Inside Story of the Balibo Five, will be published by Melbourne's Scribe Publications on October 16.

((c) All Rights Reserved Jill Jolliffe, Darwin 2001)

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