DIYARBAKIR, Turkey - With newfound liberties for the Kurdish minority and the
government’s "Democratic Opening" initiative, the prospects for peace in Turkey
may be brighter now than they have been in the past 25 years. The fly in the
ointment is the ban in December of the pro-Kurd Democratic Society Party (DTP).
The December 11, 2009, decision of the Constitutional Court declaring DTP
illegal was a hard blow for the Kurds, at about 20 million people the country's
largest minority. Expressing concern over the court ruling, the presidency of
the European Union called on Turkey to reform its laws governing political
parties.
The court decision was followed by protests and street clashes in
which several people died, sparking fears of an extended period of unrest.
The grounds given for ordering the dissolution of DTP were its ties to the
Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), classified as a terrorist organization in
Turkey and in several other countries. DTP had maintained that the PKK should
have a seat at the negotiation table with its incarcerated leader, Abdullah
Ocalan, given a prominent role.
Ocalan, who has been in jail for the past decade, is a beloved figure among the
Kurds. It is feared that, without him, unity and peace will be difficult to
reach. However, the Turkish government remains firm in its unwillingness to see
the PKK as anything but an illegal guerrilla organization, despite its
unilateral ceasefire since March 2009.
The Istanbul-based Human Rights Association (IHD) claims that without the DTP
there is no chance to carry on the democratic process. "DTP is the natural
negotiator on behalf of the Kurds regarding the Kurdish question," explains
Ozturk Turkdogan, the association's chairman.
Following the ban, most of DTP’s members switched over to the Peace and
Democracy Party (BDP), a Kurdish back-up party established in 2008 but which
may struggle to pick up the pieces.
For much of 2009, the Kurds had reason to be upbeat. In May, DTP shocked the
political establishment by doing exceedingly well in the local elections,
placing mayors in nine provincial capitals and taking control of 98
municipalities in eastern Turkey. The party could also send 21 members to the
Turkish parliament.
In August, Turkey's ruling Justice and Development Party came forward with its
"Democratic Opening" initiative, meant to bring a new level of freedom for
Turkey's minorities, especially the Kurds. In anticipation, Turkish President
Abdullah Gul predicted that "good things will come to pass".
Secession from Turkey and complete independence are no longer the Kurds' stated
aims. They claim their goals are now to achieve greater freedom and to maintain
their identity and language.
Ercan Ayboga, a German Kurd formerly employed at the Diyarbakir municipality in
eastern Turkey, said: "The important thing is that the Kurdish language is
taught in schools and that Kurds are treated as equals in the federal
constitution."
Recently, a rule that stipulated a limit to broadcast lengths of Kurdish
language shows on television and radio was dropped. Other restrictions on the
public use of Kurdish in meetings and elsewhere are being eased.
Official recognition of Turkey's minorities is a possibility in 2010. It has
already been announced that the constitution could be amended to make it
possible to give full official recognition of the Kurds as a distinct ethnic
group.
In some cases, it is women who are taking the initiative for peace. The "peace
mothers" in Izmir are calling for violence in Turkey to be stopped. In their
march in downtown Izmir late last year, they held signs stating "we are mothers
and we are for peace".
Similarly in Istanbul, Turkish and Kurdish women went on the streets to declare
that "women want peace". They began the "Conscientious Objection for Peace"
movement and declared their rejection of military service, so as to abstain
from "fighting against our Kurdish brothers and sisters" - in the words of one
attendee.
Sevgim Denizalti, an Istanbul-based journalist, believes that the voice of
people who want peace will be heard more loudly in 2010. "I think the solution
is in the Turkish people's hands, especially in those of the women. If they can
formulate their wish for peace more effectively than the nationalists, things
can become better in 2010."
Emina Ayna, a leading Kurdish politician, is more forthright: "All policies of
assimilation have failed. Democracy in Turkey will come by way of solving the
Kurdish issue."
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